markt Improve the fix for RST frame ordering added in 9. markt : Add support for certificates that use keys encrypted using PBES2. Based on a pull request provided by xiezhaokun. markt Refactor testing whether a String is a valid HTTP token. markt When a Connector or Endpoint is paused, ensure that only new connections and new requests on existing connections are stopped while allowing in progress requests to run to completion. markt Explicitly release ByteBuffer instances associated with pooled channels when stopping the NioEndpoint and Nio2Endpoint.

markt Narrow the scope of the logging of invalid cookie headers to just the invalid cookie rather than the whole cookie header. Jasper : Fix missing messages for some PropertyNotWritableException s caused by a typo in the name used for a resource string. WebSocket Add support for POJO WebSocket endpoints to the programmatic upgrade that allows applications to opt to upgrade an HTTP connection to WebSocket.

markt : Improve handling of WebSocket connection close if a message write times out before the message is fully written. Other Update the OWB module to Apache OpenWebBeans 2. remm Improvements to Chinese translations contributed by zhnnn. remm Improvements to Japanese translations contributed by Shirayuking, yoshy and tak7iji. woonsan Update SpotBugs to 4. markt Update the NSIS installer to 3. markt Update CheckStyle to 9. markt Update BND to 6. markt Update OSGI annotations to 1.

Catalina Make SPNEGO authentication more robust for the case where the provided credential has expired. markt : Fix a potential NullPointerException when using JULI.

markt Document conditions under which the AprLifecycleListener can be used to avoid JVM crashes. michaelo Refactor the AsyncFileHandler to reduce the possibility of log messages being lost on shutdown.

markt Refactor the AsyncFileHandler to remove the need for the org. If set, this property now has no effect. markt Add debug logging to the RestCsrfPreventionFilter. Based on pull request by Polina Georgieva. markt : Implement a workaround for a JVM bug that can trigger a file descriptor leak when using multi-part upload and the application does not explicitly close an input stream for an uploaded file that was cached on disk.

markt Provide protection against a known OS bug that causes the acceptor to report an incoming connection more than once. markt When an error occurs that triggers a stream reset, ensure that the first RST frame sent to the client is the one associated with the error that triggered the reset. markt : Fix exceptions when the security manager is enabled and the first request received after starting is an HTTP request to a TLS enabled NIO2 connector.

markt Ensure that using NIO or NIO2 with OpenSSL for TLS behaves the same way on MacOS as it does on Linux and Windows when no trusted certificate authorities are configured and reject all client certificates. Other Switch from Cobertura to JaCoCo for code coverage as Cobertura does not support code coverage for code compiled for Java 11 onwards.

It also removes the need to use a single thread to run the tests. Catalina Improve robustness of JNDIRealm for exceptions occurring when getting the connection.

Also add missing close when running into issues getting the passord of a user. remm Add Javadoc comment which listeners must be nested within Server elements only. michaelo Add support for custom caching strategies for web application resources.

This initial implementation allows control over whether or not a resource is cached. markt Log warning if a listener is not nested inside a Server element although it must have been. Coyote Improve performance of Connector shutdown - primarily to reduce the time it takes to run the test suite. markt : Add a toString method to MimeHeader to aid debugging. dblevins Add experimental OpenSSL support through the Panama API incubating in Java 17, with support for OpenSSL 1.

This no longer requires tomcat-native or APR. Please refer to the openssl-java17 module from the main branch for more details. remm Fix APR connector stop so it correctly waits for the sendfile thread, if any, to exit. markt Do not ignore the error condition if the APR connector is not able to open a server socket as continuing in this case will trigger a JVM crash.

A crash could occur if the connector was stopped whilst a connection was performing a TLS handshake. Jasper Regenerate the EL parser using JavaCC 7.

markt Fix a bug that prevented the EL parser correctly parsing a literal Map that used variables rather than literals for both keys and values. WebSocket Add a new method WsServerContainer. upgradeHttpToWebSocket to align with the new method that will be available from WebSocket 2. Tribes : Differentiate warning messages in KubernetesMembershipProvider so that the missing attribute is clear to the user.

PR provided by Hal Deadman. Catalina Provide the DataSource in the constructor of DataSourceUserDatabase , since it is always global. remm Fix delete then create object manipulations with DataSourceUserDatabase. remm : Implement a work-around for a JRE bug that can trigger a memory leak when using the JNDI realm. markt : Improve the usefulness of the thread name cache used in JULI.

Pull request provided by t-gergely. Coyote : Correct parsing of HTTP Content-Range headers. Fix based on pull request by Thierry Guérin. markt Further improvements in the management of the connection flow control window. This addresses various bugs that caused streams to incorrectly report that they had timed out waiting for an allocation from the connection flow control window.

markt : Fix a AccessControlException reporting when running an NIO2 connector with TLS enabled. markt Reclassify TLS ciphers that use AESCCM8 as medium security rather than high security to align with recent changes in OpenSSL. markt Fix an issue that caused some Servlet non-blocking API reads of the HTTP request body to incorrectly use blocking IO.

Jasper Fix the implementation of MethodExpression. getMethodInfo so that it returns the expected value rather than failing when the method expression is defined with the parameter values in the expression rather than the types being passed explicitly to ExpressionFactory. WebSocket The internal upgrade handler should close the associated WebConnection on destroy. Web applications Clarify the JASPIC configuration options in the documentation web application.

Other : Update obsolete comments at the start of the build. default file. Catalina Enable Tomcat to start if an old XML parser is configured that does not support allow-java-encodings. A warning will be logged if such an XML parser is detected.

markt Change the behaviour of custom error pages. If an error occurs after the response is committed, once the custom error page content has been added to the response the connection is now closed immediately rather than closed cleanly.

the last chunk that marks the end of the response body is no longer sent. This acts as an additional signal to the client that the request experienced an error. markt : When handling requests using JASPIC authentication, ensure that PasswordValidationCallback. getResult returns the result of the password validation rather than always returning false.

Fixed via pull request provided by Robert Rodewald. markt Refactor the authenticators to delegate the check for preemptive authentication to the individual authenticators where an authentication scheme specific check can be performed.

Based on pull request by Robert Rodewald. markt Improve the reusability of the UserDatabase by adding intermediate concrete implementation classes and allowing to do partial database updates on save. remm Add a UserDatabase implementation as a superset of the DataSourceRealm functionality.

remm Make sure the dynamic Principal returned by UserDatabaseRealm stays up to date with the database contents, and add an option to have it be static, similar to the other realms. markt Correct JPMS metadata for catalina. Pull request provided by Hui Wang. Coyote Correct a logic error that meant setting certificateKeystoreFile to NONE did not have the expected effect. NONE was incorrectly treated as a file path.

Patch provided by Mikael Sterner. markt : When an HTTP header value is removed, ensure that the order of the remaining header values is unchanged. WebSocket : Fix write timeout check that was using the read timeout value. Patch submitted by Gustavo Mahlow. Web applications Remove unnecessary Context settings from the examples web application. markt Document default value for unpackWARs and related clean-up.

Pull request provided by Robert Rodewald. markt Clarify the documentation of the compressionMinSize and compressibleMimeType HTTP Connector attributes. Pull request provided by crisgeek. Other Fix failing build when building on non-English locales. Pull request provided by Dachuan J. markt Update to JSign version 4. markt Update the internal fork of Apache Commons BCEL to 40d5eb4 , 6. Code clean-up only. markt Update the internal fork of Apache Commons Codec to fd44e6b , 1.

Minor refactoring. markt Add Apache Derby remm : Update the internal fork of Apache Commons FileUpload to 33d2d79 , 2. Refactoring and code clean-up. As a result of Commons File Upload now using java. Files , applications using multi-part uploads need to ensure that the JVM is configured with sufficient direct memory to store all in progress multi-part uploads.

markt Update the internal fork of Apache Commons Pool to 2. Improvements, code clean-up and refactoring. markt Update the internal fork of Apache Commons DBCP to 2.

markt Switch to the CDN as the primary download location for ASF dependencies. markt Improvements to Chinese translations contributed by syseal, wolibo, ZhangJieWen and DigitalFatCat. markt Improvements to Japanese translations contributed by tak7iji. Catalina : Correct an error in some code clean-up that mean that web application classes were not configured with the correct package. Catalina : Always close the connection when an uncaught NamingException occurs to avoid connection locking.

Submitted by Ole Ostergaard. remm : Correct a regression in the fix for where a StringIndexOutOfBoundsException could be triggered if the canonical path of the target of a symlink was shorter than the canonical path of the directory in which the symlink had been created.

Patch provided by Cedomir Igaly. markt : Refactor the CorsFilter to make it easier to extend. markt To avoid unnecessary cache revalidation, do not add an HTTP Expires header when setting adding an HTTP header of CacheControl: private. sendfile now checks both the stream and connection flow control windows before writing. Any streams on that connection that were trying to write when this happened would time out. markt : When using TLS with NIO, it was possible for a blocking response write to hang just before the final TLS packet associated with the response until the connection timed out at which point the final packet would be sent and the connection closed.

markt : Fix a race condition that could result in a delay to a new request. The new request could be queued to wait for an existing request to finish processing rather than the thread pool creating a new thread to process the new request. A logic error meant that small window updates for the connection were dropped. This meant that the connection flow window slowly reduced over time until nothing could be sent. Web applications : Correct a regression in the fix for that caused the server status page in the Manager web application to be truncated if HTTP upgrade was used such as when starting a WebSocket connection.

Other Improvements to Chinese translations contributed by ZhangJieWen and chengzheyan. woonsan Use of GraalVM native images no longer automatically disables JMX support. JMX support may still be disabled by calling org. Jasper Jakarta to Javax backport issue in tests. Catalina Refactor the RemoteIpValve to use the common utility method for list to comma separated string conversion. markt Fix serialization warnings in UserDatabasePrincipal reported by SpotBugs.

markt : Calls to ServletContext. getResourcePaths no longer include symbolic links in the results unless allowLinking has been set to true. If a resource is skipped because of this change, a warning will be logged as this typically indicates a configuration issue.

Coyote : Improve handling of clean closes of inbound TLS connections. Treat them the same way as clean closes of non-TLS connections rather than as unknown errors. Small updates for stream flow control windows are now combined with subsequent flow control window updates for that stream to ensure that all stream flow control window updates sent from Tomcat are larger than overheadWindowUpdateThreshold. Change the overhead calculation so that a non-overhead frame reduces the current overhead count by 2 rather than 1.

This means that, over time, the overhead count for a well-behaved connection will trend downwards. This means that, regardless of the value chosen for overheadCountFactor , when a connection opens 10 overhead frames in a row will be required to trigger the overhead protection. markt Increase the default overheadCountFactor from 1 to 10 and change the reduction in overhead count for a non-overhead frame from -2 to This allows for a larger range to be used for overheadCountFactor providing for finer-grained control.

markt Modify the parsing of HTTP header values that use the 1 token to ignore empty elements as per RFC section 7 instead of treating the presence of empty elements as an error. markt Expand the unit tests for HttpServlet. doHead and correct the flushing of the response buffer. The buffer used to behave as if it was one byte smaller than the configured size. The buffer was flushed and the response committed if required when the buffer was full.

The buffer is now flushed and the response committed if required if the buffer is full and there is more data to write. Jasper : Correct a regression in the fix for and restore code that was removed in error leading to JSP compilation failures in some circumstances. markt Update to the Eclipse JDT compiler 4.

If used with an Eclipse JDT compiler version that does not support these values, a warning will be logged and the latest supported version will used.

markt : Update the Java code generation for JSPs not to use the boxed primitive constructors as they have been deprecated in Java 9 and marked for future removal in Java valueOf is now used instead. WebSocket Refactor the DigestAuthenticator to reuse a shared SecureRandom instance rather than create a new one to generate the cnonce if required. Web applications : Correct the link in the documentation web application the Maven Central repository.

options required for running Tomcat on Java 16 onwards to the service. bat script to align it with the other start-up scripts. PR provided by MCMicS. markt Update JUnit to version 4. markt Update EasyMock to 4. markt Update Objenesis to 3. markt Update CheckStyle to 8. markt Update OSGi annotations to 1. Coyote Regression when generating reflection due to removed NIO classes in 9.

Other Use JSign to integrate the build script with the code signing service to enable release builds to be created on Linux as well as Windows. Catalina : RemoteIpValve will now avoid getting the local host name when it is not needed.

remm : NPE in JNDIRealm when no userRoleAttribute is given. fschumacher : Add commented out, sample users for the Tomcat Manager app to the default tomcat-users. xml file. Based on a PR by Arnaud Dagnelies. markt : Add a new option, pass-through , to the default servlet's useBomIfPresent initialization parameter that causes the default servlet to leave any BOM in place when processing a static file and not to use the BOM to determine the encoding of the file.

Based on a pull request by Jean-Louis Monteiro. markt Add cookieName attribute to the SSO valve to configure the SSO cookie name. Pull request provided by tianshuang. markt : Don't mutate an application provided content header if it does not contain a charset. Also remove the outdated workaround for the buggy Adobe Reader 9 plug-in for IE.

markt AprLifecycleListener does not show dev version suffix for libtcnative and libapr. michaelo Refactor principal handling in UserDatabaseRealm using an inner class that extends GenericPrincipal. remm Enable the default doHead implementation in HttpServlet to correctly handle responses where the content length needs to be represented as a long since it is larger than the maximum value that can be represented by an int. markt Avoid synchronization on roles verification for the memory UserDatabase.

remm Fix the default doHead implementation in HttpServlet to correctly handle responses where the Servlet calls ServletResponse. markt Fix the default doHead implementation in HttpServlet to correctly handle responses generated using the Servlet non-blocking API.

Coyote : Add support for Unix Domain Sockets to org. Depends on tomcat-native 1. markt : Fix a race condition in the NioBlockingSelector that could cause a delay to select operations. markt Simplify AprEndpoint socket bind for all platforms. michaelo Add back simplification of NIO block read and write, now better validated in Tomcat remm Optimize NIO selector handling for Java remm : Add missing check for a negative return value for Hpack.

decodeInteger in the HpackDecoder , which could cause a NegativeArraySizeException exception. Submitted by Thomas, and verified the fix is present in the donated hpack code in a further update.

markt Correct parsing of HTTP headers consisting of a list of tokens so that a header with an empty token is treated consistently regardless of whether the empty token is at the start, middle or end of the list of tokens.

markt Remove support for the identity transfer encoding. The inclusion of this encoding in RFC was an error that was corrected in Requests using this transfer encoding will now receive a response. markt Process transfer encoding headers from both HTTP 1. markt Ensure that if the transfer encoding header contains the chunked , that the chunked encoding is the final encoding listed.

Jasper Review code used to generate Java source from JSPs and tags and remove code found to be unnecessary. markt Refactor use of internal ChildInfo class to use compile time type checking rather than run time type checking.

markt : Improve expression language method matching for methods with varargs. Where multiple methods may match the provided parameters, the method that requires the fewest varargs is preferred. markt : Add a commented out section in catalina. policy that provides the necessary permissions to compile JSPs with javac when running on Java 9 onwards with a security manager. It is commented out as it will cause errors if used with earlier Java versions. WebSocket : When using permessage-deflate , the WebSocket connection was incorrectly closed if the uncompressed payload size was an exact multiple of Based on a patch provided by Saksham Verma.

markt : Correct a regression introduced with the fix for that meant Tomcat's WebSocket implementation would only work with Tomcat's implementation of the Java EE WebSocket API. Web applications Improve the description of the maxConnections and acceptCount attributes in the Connector section of the documentation web application. remm Improvements to Korean translations. woonsan : Correct a regression in the previous release. The change to create OSGi Require-Capability sections in manifests for Jakarta API JARs manually rather than with bnd annotations did not add the necessary manual entries to the embedded JARs.

Also update the minimum recommended version to 1. markt : Ensure the correct escaping of attribute values and search filters in the JNDIRealm. markt : Add missing attributes to the MBean descriptor file for the RemoteIpValve.

markt : HandlesTypes should include classes that use the specified annotation types on fields or methods. remm : Correct a regression introduced in 9. markt Improve the SSLValve so it is able to handle escaped client certificate headers from Nginx. Based on a patch by Florent Guillaume. Coyote Ensure that all HTTP requests that contain an invalid character in the protocol component of the request line are rejected with a response rather than some requests being rejected with a response.

markt When generating the error message for an HTTP request with an invalid request line, ensure that all the available data is included in the error message. This behaviour was previously removed as a side-effect of the fix for CVE markt Allow the JSP configuration option useInstanceManagerForTags to be used with Tags that are implemented as inner classes. WebSocket Refactor the way Tomcat passes path parameters to POJO end points to simplify the code.

markt : Refactor the creation of WebSocket end point, decoder and encoder instances to be more IoC friendly. Instances are now created via the InstanceManager where possible.

Web applications : Correct name of changeLocalName in the documentation for the RemoteIpValve. markt : Avoid getting the boot classpath when it is not available in the Manager diagnostics.

Other Create OSGi Require-Capability sections in manifests for Jakarta API JARs manually rather than via the aQute. ServiceConsumer annotation as this triggers TCK failures for downstream consumers of the API JARs. remm Move SystemPropertySource to be a regular class to allow more precise configuration if needed.

The system property source will still always be enabled. remm Improvements to Chinese translations. Provided by bytesgo. mark Improvements to French translations. Catalina Avoid NPE when a JNDI reference cannot be resolved in favor of a NamingException. remm Avoid using reflection for setting properties on the webapp classloader.

Based on a patch submitted by Romain Manni-Bucau. Coyote Improve consistency of OpenSSL error stack handling in the TLS engine, and log all errors found as debug.

markt : Prevent concurrent calls to ServletInputStream. isReady corrupting the input buffer. markt : Ensure that the connection level flow control window from the client to the server is updated when handling DATA frames received for completed streams else the flow control window may become exhausted.

markt : Fix a regression introduced in 9. markt Disable keep-alive when inconsistent content delimitation is present in a request. Jasper Include the new org. optimizations package in the list of OSGi exported packages for the Jasper embedded JAR. Patch provided by Sokratis Zappis. markt Add a new option for the trimSpaces configuration.

extended will attempt to remove leading and trailing whitespace from template text and collapse sequences of whitespace and newlines within template text into a single new line. Based on a pull request by kamnani. Other Implement the first phase of reproducible builds. Sequential builds on the same machine now produce identical output provided that the Ant property ant.

now is set. The minimum required Ant version is now 1. Provided by Ruan Wenjun. Provided by kfujino and Shirayuking. woonsan Update the packaged version of the Tomcat Native Library to 1. Catalina Revert an incorrect fix for a potential resource leak that broke deployment via the Ant deploy task.

markt Improve error message for failed ConfigurationSource lookups in the Catalina implementation. remm : Align the behaviour when null is passed to the ServletResponse methods setCharacterEncoding , setContentType and setLocale with the recent clarification from the Jakarta Servlet project of the expected behaviour in these cases. markt : Rename Context method isParallelAnnotationScanning to getParallelAnnotationScanning for consistency and ease of use in JMX descriptors.

remm Ensure that the AsyncListener. There were some cases discovered where this was not happening. onWritePossible and ReadListener. markt Correct syntax error in output of JsonErrorReportValve. Pull request provided by Viraj Kanwade. markt Make the StandardContext. postWorkDirectory protected rather than private to help users wishing to customise the default work directory behaviour.

markt Avoid NullPointerException when a secure channel is closed before the SSL engine was initialized. markt : Ensure that a response is not corrupted as well as incomplete if the connection is closed before the response is fully written due to a write timeout. markt Related to bug , make sure all errors from OpenSSL are fully cleared, as there could be more than one error present after an operation confirmed in the OpenSSL API documentation.

remm Make handling of OpenSSL read errors more robust when plain text data is reported to be available to read. Web applications : Remove the restriction that prevented the Manager web application deploying different web applications in parallel. This required some refactoring, most notably to HostConfig. check and how it is used. woonsan Improvements to Brazilian Portuguese translations. Provided by Thiago. mark Improvements to Russian translations.

Provided by Azat. mark Improvements to Chinese translations. Provided by shawn. mark Update to bnd 5. Catalina : Fix the ConfigFileLoader handling of file URIs when running under a security manager on some JREs.

Coyote Ensure that SNI provided host names are matched to SSL virtual host configurations in a case insensitive manner. markt : Free direct memory buffers in the APR connector. Catalina : Escape elements in the access log that need to be escaped for the access log to be parsed unambiguously. markt Let the RemoteCIDRValve inherit from RequestFilterValve and support all of its features.

Especially add support for connector specific configuration using addConnectorPort. rjung Add peerAddress to coyote request, which contains the IP address of the direct connection peer.

If a reverse proxy sits in front of Tomcat and the protocol used is AJP or HTTP in combination with the RemoteIp Valve Filter , the peer address might differ from the remoteAddress. The latter then contains the address of the client in front of the reverse proxy, not the address of the proxy itself. Support for the peer address has been added to the RemoteAddrValve and RemoteCIDRValve with the new attribute usePeerAddress.

This can be used to restrict access to Tomcat based on the reverse proxy IP address, which is especially useful to harden access to AJP connectors. rjung Avoid uncaught InaccessibleObjectException on Java 16 trying to clear references threads. remm : Fix JNDI realm error handling when connecting to a failed server when pooling was not enabled.

remm : If the AccessLogValve is unable to open the access log file, include information on the current user in the associated log message markt. Coyote Additional fix for to address an edge case that could trigger request corruption with h2c connections. markt : Improve handling of pipelined HTTP requests in combination with the Servlet non-blocking IO API.

It was possible that some requests could get dropped. markt Add support for using Unix domain sockets for NIO when running on Java 16 or later. This uses NIO specific unixDomainSocketPath and unixDomainSocketPathPermissions attributes.

Based on a PR submitted by Graham Leggett. remm : Fix error handling for exceptions thrown from calls to ReadListener and WriteListener. markt Avoid possible infinite loop in OpenSSLEngine. unwrap when the destination buffers state is changed concurrently. Jasper Add a new StringInterpreter interface that allows applications to provide customised string attribute value to type conversion within JSPs. This allows applications to provide a conversion implementation that is optimised for the application.

markt : JspContextWrapper. findAttribute should ignore expired sessions rather than throw an IllegalStateException.

remm Update to the Eclipse JDT compiler 4. Web applications : Clarify that the commands shown in the TLS documentation for importing a signed TLS certificate from a certificate authority are typical examples that may need to be adjusted in some cases. Tribes Work around DNS caching for the DNS provider of the cloud membership. Other Improvements to Chinese translations. Provided by leeyazhou and Yi Shen. markt Migrate to new code signing service.

markt Use java. Path to test for one directory being a sub-directory of another in a consistent way. markt Improvements to Brazilian Portuguese translations. Provided by Rual Zaninetti Rosa and Lucas. Provided by Polina and Azat. markt Update the NSIS Installer used to build the Windows installer to version 3.

Catalina : Update the RemoteIpValve and RemoteIpFilter so that calls to ServletRequest. getRemoteHost are consistent with the return value of ServletRequest.

getRemoteAddr rather than always returning a value for the proxy. markt : Align the behaviour of ServletContext. getRealPath String path with the recent clarification from the Servlet specification project. markt : Enhance the graceful shutdown feature. zshrc files. This means features like tasks or debug targets also have access to those settings.

However, when launching from your platform's user interface for example, the VS Code icon in the macOS dock , you normally are not running in the context of a shell and you don't have access to those environment settings. This means that depending on how you launch VS Code, you may not have the same environment. To work around this, when launched via a UI gesture, VS Code will start a small process to run or "resolve" the shell environment defined in your.

If, after 10 seconds, the shell environment has still not been resolved or resolving failed for any other reason, VS Code will abort the "resolve" process, launch without your shell's environment settings, and you will see an error like the following:. If the error message indicates that resolving your shell environment took too long, the steps below can help you investigate what might be causing slowness.

If you see other errors, please create an issue to get help. The process outlined below may help you identify which parts of your shell initialization are taking the most time:. Note : While nvm is a powerful and useful Node. js package manager, it can cause slow shell startup times, if being run during shell initialization.

You might consider package manager alternatives such as asdf or search on the internet for nvm performance suggestions. If modifying your shell environment isn't practical, you can avoid VS Code's resolving shell environment phase by launching VS Code directly from a fully initialized terminal. The Electron shell used by Visual Studio Code has trouble with some GPU graphics processing unit hardware acceleration. If VS Code is displaying a blank empty main window, you can try disabling GPU acceleration when launching VS Code by adding the Electron --disable-gpu command-line switch.

When you open a folder, VS Code will search for typical project files to offer you additional tooling for example, the solution picker in the Status bar to open a solution.

If you open a folder with lots of files, the search can take a large amount of time and CPU resources during which VS Code might be slow to respond. We plan to improve this in the future but for now you can exclude folders from the explorer via the files. exclude setting and they will not be searched for project files:. Microsoft ended support for Windows 7 in January, and no longer provides security updates.

VS Code desktop versions starting with 1. VS Code will no longer provide product updates or security fixes on Windows 7 and VS Code version 1. You can learn more about upgrading your Windows version at support.

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In Europe, an organisation called ESMA European Securities and Markets Authority also suggest legislation or regulatory guidelines that the majority of domestic regulators adhere to. They recently suggested that binary options should be prohibited to retail investors — though this policy is rather ill-thought out and out dated. Such changes will punish honest regulated brokers, leaving the dishonest scams to continue operating.

Regulated brokers offer greater levels of consumer confidence than unregulated firms. They are obliged to retain trader funds in separate accounts, and not in company accounts. They must provide a dispute process for customers, and treat clients equitably and fairly. In addition, regulated firms can only market in a responsible way, and in regions where trading is permitted. Responsible brokers welcome regulation as a way to increase levels of consumer trust.

Copy trading is a growing sector of investing. It allows users to copy the trades of others. Those copying decide how much to invest, and whether to copy some or all of the trades that a particular trader or tipster opens.

The traders being copied also benefit, as the broker will often reward these clients through commission, or increased income revenue and profits based on the trade volume they generate. When copying however, time and effort spent finding the right traders to follow will pay dividends. Social trading is similar, but is more geared towards social media style info sharing. They were initially only available to large scale investors — institutions, wealthy individuals and funds.

In however, the US Securities and Exchange Commission allowed these fixed return options to be traded over an exchange. This allowed the Chicago Board Options Exchange CBOE and the American Stock Exchange to offer binary trading on certain underlying assets. Initially, the range of assets was limited, as were the choice of options. Nadex also began offering exchange traded options matching buyers and sellers in the US as the market developed.

As popularity and commerce grew however, the traded assets moved beyond Forex and equities and the option types expanded as well. The barriers to entry for potential market makers or brokers are much lower in the binary sector.

This, coupled with the boom in internet trading over a similar period, has left regulation lagging behind the industry. The growth of binaries however, is unlikely to slow. The simplicity, coupled with the clarity of risk, allows almost anyone to take a view on a particular asset but manage their risk much more easily than versus contracts for difference or stocks purchases.

In order to learn binary options, traders have a wealth of learning opportunities and courses. Each trader is different, results will alter from different methods of learning. Some may prefer a pdf file or spreadsheet on the subject, while others will learn most from diving in and getting some hands on experience.

Here are a selection on learning methods:. Brokers are keen to give traders the confidence to start trading — and many offer some or all of the above for potential new clients to learn about binary options, generally for free. Some tools are only made available once a trader has registered — this is purely so the broker has some contact details for things like trading seminars or web based demonstrations. A great way to learn binary options is via an online demonstration or seminar.

Some brokers offer weekly seminars, some in a range of languages. Other firms will offer one on one training, but generally require a deposit beforehand. Some traders benefit from downloading an eBook tutorial, and learning about binary options at their own pace.

One note of caution, is that each broker will focus on their own trading platform and quotes for some of the explanations and screen shots. Brokers want new traders to use their services.

The good news is that while the look and feel of some trading platforms will differ, the underlying functions are the same — so the knowledge is transferable easily. We list the best here. Video tutorials are the most popular learning method. Some brokers do make more effort than others though, and viewers may also be presented with the same video at different brokers — only the voiceover has changed! There are however, some very good suites of videos available, and they are viewable without registering.

We have embedded a video from IQ Option which introduces their trading platform and online binary trading. They offer a full range of videos on their site. Firms constantly update their training portfolio, so there is no clear winner in this category. Brokers want to encourage trading, so they make it very easy for traders to learn the basics. More advanced information is harder to come by from brokers — but hopefully the strategy and technical analysis pages on this website assist.

Below are some of the questions and topics we are asked about most often regarding binary trading online. Hopefully these short paragraphs can provide an answer — but if not, there are a number of links to more in-depth articles that explain each subject area.

Put and Call options are simply the terms given to buying or selling an option. If a trader believes an asset will go up in value, they open a call. If they expect the value to fall, they place a put trade. Some binary trading brokers change their trading buttons every couple of seconds, from Call and Put, to Down and Up to avoid confusion.

Others dispense with the terms put and call entirely, using arrows instead. Icons are always clear so mistakes are not made. This percentage is made clear before the trade is made. Other than being higher or lower than the starting price, the closing price does not affect the magnitude of the payout. As binary trading becomes more sophisticated, the amount that can be won is evolving too.

Some brokers now offer trades that do depend on the size of any price movement. It depends entirely on the attitude of the trader. If a trader applies no strategy or research, then any investment is likely to be reliant on good fortune, and the odds are against them. On the other hand, a trader making a well thought out trade can ensure they have done all they can to avoid relying on luck.

Binary options, even those considered longer term, do not incur overnight charges, or rollover fees. Many brokers have developed Islamic trading accounts which adhere to Muslim guidance offering immediate execution of trades, and charging no interest.

But traders need to tread carefully before deciding if trading binary options is legal, halal or haram. The answer may not be clear.

A trader might use binaries with no planning, or strategy — effectively betting or using them to gamble. This would be banned for most Muslims. For this reason, we cannot state categorically whether trading binaries are halal or haram.

It will be down to the individual. At binaryoptions. uk, we provide a full suite of services and information to anyone looking to get involved in binary options trading. From educational material and tutorials, to advanced strategy, tax implications and broker comparison. Binary options offer a form of market speculation. Providing a method of making money from price movement in the majority of major asset classes. It is a growing area of trading in the UK, and that is one of the reasons why we are aiming to provide the definitive guide to binary trading in the UK.

Get in touch here. Toggle navigation. Compare brokers Reviews Quotex Binary.

自定义博客皮肤 VIP专享. 最后的最后由本人水平所限，难免有错误以及不足之处， 屏幕前的靓仔靓女们 如有发现，恳请指出！你轻轻地点了个赞，那将在我的心里世界增添一颗明亮而耀眼的星！. Hook就是在这些流程任意环节插入自己的代码，让浏览器先执行自己的代码 然后再执行原本网站的hook在以下流程中可以做的事情：hook在以下流程中可以做的事情上下文:表示一个环境（js上下文就是v8引擎，浏览器是不同的页签就是不同的上下文，js中的eval还是在一个上下文。只是虚拟机、）作用域:控制变量所生效的位置。作用域是更小的一个级别 处于上下文中结果如下：解释器是如何处理这段代码：首先解释器知道var xuhss在内存中声明了一个全局变量数组保存了xuhss，以后用的话，就到这个数组中找。如果数. php请求里面获取的c第三个参数是js的crc版本数据校验值 是从get.

Ws和Wss的区别相当于http和https的区别，如果你想写一个聊天页面，需要频繁请求后台接口 还需要设置间隔时间（每隔1s发送一个请求） 才能拿到后台服务器的数据，因为http是轮询方式，只有请求完成后，才能拿到结果，只有客户端能发请求，所以说 要轮询。缺点就是占用服务器的性能？更好的方案就是websocket，它是浏览器实现的。浏览器在底层升级http协议，从http协议升级到websocket只需要添加几个头部信息就可以完成升级。. HTML5 的 canvas 元素使用 JavaScript 在网页上绘制图像。画布是一个矩形区域，您可以控制其每一像素。就是位图操作，可以理解为一个画图工具。可以任意对每个像素点进行任意操作之前讲解有一种断点类型叫做 事件监听断点，里面可以对canvas进行监听CanvasCreate canvas context 创建事件都选创建事件断点后，再刷页面断在这个地方：这里的代码用了流程平坦化打乱了最后的最后。.

将你的预期值和实际值进行比较，如果不一样，就是这种debugger 只能通过浏览器调用的堆栈区分出正确的逻辑。通过将editbreakpoint设置为false 可以禁用这个调试。通过hook方式，将运行的函数设为空就可以跳过debugger了。最好的方式就是不要被识别出来调试，可以通过下hook解决。非虚拟机的方式不会跳转 到一个vm的页面。在eval里面运行debugger.

我们的目的为了让js代码运行起来。可以不需要解密，将代码扣出来运行就可以。任何一个js类型的变量结果 加上一个字符串 ，只会变成字符串。所以这个调试起来很麻烦 只能单步调试 还是用解密工具解密。通过这种特性 可以组合成各种各样的加密方式。这个的原理就是将各种字符串加起来。2个值通过 运算会变成0或者1. js默认 支持Unicode的。所以支持所有的国家语种。有没有哪些国家的和O很像但不是O,和0很像但不是0,和p很像但不是p所以可以用这个相近的符号进行代码混淆。.

能修改输出js运行当中的一些变量的值能下断点批量监听一些变量值当渲染时，样式发生改变，会触发DOM断点它一般在 用户触发了某个事件 时，段下来。执行的比较考前，距离加密函数比较远。所以无法根据栈去快速定位。它的优点时定位的比较准。清空Dom断点最后的最后由本人水平所限，难免有错误以及不足之处， 屏幕前的靓仔靓女们 如有发现，恳请指出！你轻轻地点了个赞，那将在我的心里世界增添一颗明亮而耀眼的星！. 通过本地运行js代码那 实现脱离浏览器后 能够实现和浏览器上运行加密js的效果。网站上完全都是JavaScript实现的加密，我们的目的要知道加密的整个过程，并且实现这个加密的过程，拿到和浏览器一样的加密的结果。得到加密的结果之后就可以跳过浏览器，本地直接给服务器发送加密数据，从而直接获取服务器响应的结果。.

页面中有很多事件，比如说鼠标按下，滚动条滑动。最后的最后由本人水平所限，难免有错误以及不足之处， 屏幕前的靓仔靓女们 如有发现，恳请指出！你轻轻地点了个赞，那将在我的心里世界增添一颗明亮而耀眼的星！. 日常的web自动化过程中，我们常常用python selenium库来操纵Chrome浏览器实现网页的自动化。这其中有个比较头疼的问题：Chrome的更新频率非常频繁，与之对应的Chromedriver版本也必须相应更新。如果两者版本的主版本号相差超过1，selenium则会报异常. 如何在实体手机上，保证手机能够正常运行uiautomator2，并安装ATX-agent。以小米手机为例子，首先打开 设置-更多设置-开启开发者模式。如果初始化完成后，发现手机并没有安装ATXagent应用。说明设备未认证（unauthorized），此时，当你看到这个，就说明手机安装成功了环境。需要记得，将 USB安装 勾选上。.

TA创建的收藏夹 TA关注的收藏夹. RGB颜色，例如： AFAFAF. 预览 取消 提交. 上一步 保存. 博客 资源 收藏 关注. 只看原创 排序： 按最后发布时间 按访问量 RSS订阅. 原创 Python量化交易实战教程汇总 B站配套视频教程观看设计适合自己并能适应市场的交易策略，才是量化交易的灵魂课程亲手带你设计并实现两种交易策略，快速培养你的策略思维能力择时策略：通过这个策略学会如何利用均线，创建择时策略，优化股票买入卖出的时间点。选股策略：掌握选股策略的核心逻辑，并基于收益率创建动量选股策略，并验证其有效性。手把手带你打造一个易扩展、更安全、效率更高的量化交易系统第三方平台大而全，不易扩展，效率还差，信息安全也是大问题，打造自己的交易平台才是更优解所有文章目录Python量化交易实战双均线策略股 原创 Js逆向教程AST Babel插件最简单修改值示例 最后的最后由本人水平所限，难免有错误以及不足之处， 屏幕前的靓仔靓女们 如有发现，恳请指出！你轻轻地点了个赞，那将在我的心里世界增添一颗明亮而耀眼的星！ 原创 Js逆向教程vscode无环境联调 最后的最后由本人水平所限，难免有错误以及不足之处， 屏幕前的靓仔靓女们 如有发现，恳请指出！你轻轻地点了个赞，那将在我的心里世界增添一颗明亮而耀眼的星！ 原创 Js逆向教程Hook基础 Hook就是在这些流程任意环节插入自己的代码，让浏览器先执行自己的代码 然后再执行原本网站的hook在以下流程中可以做的事情：hook在以下流程中可以做的事情上下文:表示一个环境（js上下文就是v8引擎，浏览器是不同的页签就是不同的上下文，js中的eval还是在一个上下文。只是虚拟机、）作用域:控制变量所生效的位置。作用域是更小的一个级别 处于上下文中结果如下：解释器是如何处理这段代码：首先解释器知道var xuhss在内存中声明了一个全局变量数组保存了xuhss，以后用的话，就到这个数组中找。如果数 php请求 原创 Js逆向教程websocket介绍 Ws和Wss的区别相当于http和https的区别，如果你想写一个聊天页面，需要频繁请求后台接口 还需要设置间隔时间（每隔1s发送一个请求） 才能拿到后台服务器的数据，因为http是轮询方式，只有请求完成后，才能拿到结果，只有客户端能发请求，所以说 要轮询。缺点就是占用服务器的性能？更好的方案就是websocket，它是浏览器实现的。浏览器在底层升级http协议，从http协议升级到websocket只需要添加几个头部信息就可以完成升级。 1.

原创 Js逆向教程极验滑块 实现加密算法的逻辑 还是和上节课一样，针对这个网址。 原创 Js逆向教程极验滑块 找到w加密位置 最后的最后由本人水平所限，难免有错误以及不足之处， 屏幕前的靓仔靓女们 如有发现，恳请指出！你轻轻地点了个赞，那将在我的心里世界增添一颗明亮而耀眼的星！ 原创 Js逆向教程滑块流程 极验 HTML5 的 canvas 元素使用 JavaScript 在网页上绘制图像。画布是一个矩形区域，您可以控制其每一像素。就是位图操作，可以理解为一个画图工具。可以任意对每个像素点进行任意操作之前讲解有一种断点类型叫做 事件监听断点，里面可以对canvas进行监听CanvasCreate canvas context 创建事件都选创建事件断点后，再刷页面断在这个地方：这里的代码用了流程平坦化打乱了最后的最后。 原创 Js逆向教程反调试 将你的预期值和实际值进行比较，如果不一样，就是这种debugger 只能通过浏览器调用的堆栈区分出正确的逻辑。通过将editbreakpoint设置为false 可以禁用这个调试。通过hook方式，将运行的函数设为空就可以跳过debugger了。最好的方式就是不要被识别出来调试，可以通过下hook解决。非虚拟机的方式不会跳转 到一个vm的页面。在eval里面运行debugger.

原创 Js逆向教程FuckJs 我们的目的为了让js代码运行起来。可以不需要解密，将代码扣出来运行就可以。任何一个js类型的变量结果 加上一个字符串 ，只会变成字符串。所以这个调试起来很麻烦 只能单步调试 还是用解密工具解密。通过这种特性 可以组合成各种各样的加密方式。这个的原理就是将各种字符串加起来。2个值通过 运算会变成0或者1. jsfuck有对应的解密工具及。我们这里只是讲解js的混淆机制。可以看到只有这3种字符。 原创 Js逆向教程常见混淆AA和JJ js默认 支持Unicode的。所以支持所有的国家语种。有没有哪些国家的和O很像但不是O,和0很像但不是0,和p很像但不是p所以可以用这个相近的符号进行代码混淆。 原创 Js逆向教程常见代码混淆 最后的最后由本人水平所限，难免有错误以及不足之处， 屏幕前的靓仔靓女们 如有发现，恳请指出！你轻轻地点了个赞，那将在我的心里世界增添一颗明亮而耀眼的星！ 原创 Js逆向教程常见的加密方式 最后的最后由本人水平所限，难免有错误以及不足之处， 屏幕前的靓仔靓女们 如有发现，恳请指出！你轻轻地点了个赞，那将在我的心里世界增添一颗明亮而耀眼的星！ 原创 Js逆向教程跟值技巧 一般不会出现在jquery成熟的第3仓库里面。jquery是封装好的成熟的第3仓库，一般不会去修改它。因为如果jquery版本提升了，还要去改jquery。 原创 Js逆向教程方法栈 最后的最后由本人水平所限，难免有错误以及不足之处， 屏幕前的靓仔靓女们 如有发现，恳请指出！你轻轻地点了个赞，那将在我的心里世界增添一颗明亮而耀眼的星！ 原创 Js逆向教程js逆向断点的种类及介绍 能修改输出js运行当中的一些变量的值能下断点批量监听一些变量值当渲染时，样式发生改变，会触发DOM断点它一般在 用户触发了某个事件 时，段下来。执行的比较考前，距离加密函数比较远。所以无法根据栈去快速定位。它的优点时定位的比较准。清空Dom断点最后的最后由本人水平所限，难免有错误以及不足之处， 屏幕前的靓仔靓女们 如有发现，恳请指出！你轻轻地点了个赞，那将在我的心里世界增添一颗明亮而耀眼的星！ 原创 Js逆向教程明确js逆向的目标 通过本地运行js代码那 实现脱离浏览器后 能够实现和浏览器上运行加密js的效果。网站上完全都是JavaScript实现的加密，我们的目的要知道加密的整个过程，并且实现这个加密的过程，拿到和浏览器一样的加密的结果。得到加密的结果之后就可以跳过浏览器，本地直接给服务器发送加密数据，从而直接获取服务器响应的结果。 原创 Js逆向教程浏览器调试工具-Application页面 本地网站应用缓存页面。 原创 Js逆向教程浏览器调试工具-Source面板 切换到source面板，对于source面板，需要打开搜索面板才能发挥出完整的功能。 原创 Js逆向教程浏览器调试工具-Network面板 最后的最后由本人水平所限，难免有错误以及不足之处， 屏幕前的靓仔靓女们 如有发现，恳请指出！你轻轻地点了个赞，那将在我的心里世界增添一颗明亮而耀眼的星！ 原创 Js逆向教程浏览器调试工具-可视化的Elements 页面中有很多事件，比如说鼠标按下，滚动条滑动。最后的最后由本人水平所限，难免有错误以及不足之处， 屏幕前的靓仔靓女们 如有发现，恳请指出！你轻轻地点了个赞，那将在我的心里世界增添一颗明亮而耀眼的星！ 原创 python一招自动搞定Chromedriver爬虫驱动的更新 日常的web自动化过程中，我们常常用python selenium库来操纵Chrome浏览器实现网页的自动化。这其中有个比较头疼的问题：Chrome的更新频率非常频繁，与之对应的Chromedriver版本也必须相应更新。如果两者版本的主版本号相差超过1，selenium则会报异常.

那有没有好的办法解决这个问题呢？方法当然有，首先我们需要知道哪里可以下载到不同版本的文件。这里推荐两个网站，国内首选淘宝的镜像仓库：数据更新会比谷歌官方稍慢；可供下载的版本有时不全； 原创 如何安装MockingBird-AI拟声: 5秒内克隆您的声音并生成任意语音内容 作者：虚坏叔叔早餐店不会开到晚上，想吃的人早就来了！😄。 原创 Quasar — 免费开源的Windows远程管理工具 适用于Windows的免费开源远程控制管理工具Quasar是一种用C＃编码的快速轻量级远程管理工具。可用于管理工作到员工监控等。Quasar提供高稳定性和易用的用户界面，是您理想的远程控制管理解决方案。 原创 AutoJs4. 原创 将你的 Python 脚本转换为命令行程序 哈喽，大家好，今天给大家介绍一下，如何通过Python自动整理文件。 原创 如何通过Python自动整理文件？ 哈喽，大家好，今天给大家介绍一下，如何通过Python自动整理文件。 原创 如何用python自动化微信小程序 本文介绍了整个微信小程序的自动化过程。我已经将全部源码上传到后台上，关注文章底部公众号后回复「kja」即可获得。你的肯定是我最大的鼓励和支持。 2.

原创 如何在实体手机上，保证手机能够正常运行uiautomator2，并安装ATX-agent 如何在实体手机上，保证手机能够正常运行uiautomator2，并安装ATX-agent。以小米手机为例子，首先打开 设置-更多设置-开启开发者模式。如果初始化完成后，发现手机并没有安装ATXagent应用。说明设备未认证（unauthorized），此时，当你看到这个，就说明手机安装成功了环境。需要记得，将 USB安装 勾选上。 原创 address localhost is already in use（端口被占用）Windows系统问题解决 在学习编程的过程中，我们或许会遇到端口被占用的情况，因而导致程序启动不了。这种情况只需要找到占用端口的进程，然后在中关闭改进程即可解决问题。后面补加的图。 原创 mitmproxy的介绍以及配置过程中的问题 提示：以下是本篇文章正文内容，下面案例可供参考。 FinalShell 中文安装包 FinalShell 一款可以替代XShell 的ssh 客户端软件，不仅是 ssh 客户端软件，还是功能强大的开发及运维的工具。可以满足我们的工作需求 主要特性:.

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爆款少儿青少年scratch编程第5课：熊熊吃什么 可以直接运行。A53课程制作 爆款爆款少儿青少年scratch编程是包括教程制作完整课程，里面包括教学步骤，教学视频，教学素材，教学课件pdf，教学课件word，课程源码。课程内容大致如下所示：资源:. 爆款少儿青少年scratch编程第18课：7的倍数（下） 可以直接运行。A53课程制作 爆款爆款少儿青少年scratch编程是包括教程制作完整课程，里面包括教学步骤，教学视频，教学素材，教学课件pdf，教学课件word，课程源码。课程内容大致如下所示：资源:.

爆款少儿青少年scratch编程第24课：阶段实战测试 可以直接运行。A53课程制作 爆款爆款少儿青少年scratch编程是包括教程制作完整课程，里面包括教学步骤，教学视频，教学素材，教学课件pdf，教学课件word，课程源码。课程内容大致如下所示：资源:. 爆款少儿青少年scratch编程第15课：寿司回家（上） 可以直接运行。A53课程制作 爆款爆款少儿青少年scratch编程是包括教程制作完整课程，里面包括教学步骤，教学视频，教学素材，教学课件pdf，教学课件word，课程源码。课程内容大致如下所示：资源:. 爆款少儿青少年scratch编程第11课：钓鱼大作战 可以直接运行。A53课程制作 爆款爆款少儿青少年scratch编程是包括教程制作完整课程，里面包括教学步骤，教学视频，教学素材，教学课件pdf，教学课件word，课程源码。课程内容大致如下所示：资源:. 爆款少儿青少年scratch编程第10课：暑期安全 可以直接运行。A53课程制作 爆款爆款少儿青少年scratch编程是包括教程制作完整课程，里面包括教学步骤，教学视频，教学素材，教学课件pdf，教学课件word，课程源码。课程内容大致如下所示：资源:.

爆款少儿青少年scratch编程第19课：BMI指数（上） 可以直接运行。A53课程制作 爆款爆款少儿青少年scratch编程是包括教程制作完整课程，里面包括教学步骤，教学视频，教学素材，教学课件pdf，教学课件word，课程源码。课程内容大致如下所示：资源:. 爆款少儿青少年scratch编程第13课：模拟时钟 可以直接运行。A53课程制作 爆款爆款少儿青少年scratch编程是包括教程制作完整课程，里面包括教学步骤，教学视频，教学素材，教学课件pdf，教学课件word，课程源码。课程内容大致如下所示：资源:. 爆款少儿青少年scratch编程第17课：认识祖国 可以直接运行。A53课程制作 爆款爆款少儿青少年scratch编程是包括教程制作完整课程，里面包括教学步骤，教学视频，教学素材，教学课件pdf，教学课件word，课程源码。课程内容大致如下所示：资源:.

爆款少儿青少年scratch编程第3课：猜猜我是谁 可以直接运行。A53课程制作 爆款爆款少儿青少年scratch编程是包括教程制作完整课程，里面包括教学步骤，教学视频，教学素材，教学课件pdf，教学课件word，课程源码。课程内容大致如下所示：资源:. 爆款少儿青少年scratch编程第9课：一起来绘画 可以直接运行。A53课程制作 爆款爆款少儿青少年scratch编程是包括教程制作完整课程，里面包括教学步骤，教学视频，教学素材，教学课件pdf，教学课件word，课程源码。课程内容大致如下所示：资源:. 爆款少儿青少年scratch编程第5课：海豹游戏 可以直接运行。A53课程制作 爆款爆款少儿青少年scratch编程是包括教程制作完整课程，里面包括教学步骤，教学视频，教学素材，教学课件pdf，教学课件word，课程源码。课程内容大致如下所示：资源:.

爆款少儿青少年scratch编程第10课：汉字的由来 可以直接运行。A53课程制作 爆款爆款少儿青少年scratch编程是包括教程制作完整课程，里面包括教学步骤，教学视频，教学素材，教学课件pdf，教学课件word，课程源码。课程内容大致如下所示：资源:. 爆款少儿青少年scratch编程第19课：音乐绘本 可以直接运行。A53课程制作 爆款爆款少儿青少年scratch编程是包括教程制作完整课程，里面包括教学步骤，教学视频，教学素材，教学课件pdf，教学课件word，课程源码。课程内容大致如下所示：资源:.

爆款少儿青少年scratch编程第1课：初识编程 可以直接运行。A53课程制作 爆款爆款少儿青少年scratch编程是包括教程制作完整课程，里面包括教学步骤，教学视频，教学素材，教学课件pdf，教学课件word，课程源码。课程内容大致如下所示：资源:. 爆款少儿青少年scratch编程第4课：太阳系 可以直接运行。A53课程制作 爆款爆款少儿青少年scratch编程是包括教程制作完整课程，里面包括教学步骤，教学视频，教学素材，教学课件pdf，教学课件word，课程源码。课程内容大致如下所示：资源:. 爆款少儿青少年scratch编程第21课：夏日大作战（上） 可以直接运行。A53课程制作 爆款爆款少儿青少年scratch编程是包括教程制作完整课程，里面包括教学步骤，教学视频，教学素材，教学课件pdf，教学课件word，课程源码。课程内容大致如下所示：资源:. 爆款少儿青少年scratch编程第22课：夏日大作战（下） 可以直接运行。A53课程制作 爆款爆款少儿青少年scratch编程是包括教程制作完整课程，里面包括教学步骤，教学视频，教学素材，教学课件pdf，教学课件word，课程源码。课程内容大致如下所示：资源:.

爆款少儿青少年scratch编程第21课：春节贺卡（1） 可以直接运行。A53课程制作 爆款爆款少儿青少年scratch编程是包括教程制作完整课程，里面包括教学步骤，教学视频，教学素材，教学课件pdf，教学课件word，课程源码。课程内容大致如下所示：资源:. 爆款少儿青少年scratch编程第17课 ：炫彩烟花 可以直接运行。A53课程制作 爆款爆款少儿青少年scratch编程是包括教程制作完整课程，里面包括教学步骤，教学视频，教学素材，教学课件pdf，教学课件word，课程源码。课程内容大致如下所示：资源:. 爆款少儿青少年scratch编程第23课：猫狗大战（上） 可以直接运行。A53课程制作 爆款爆款少儿青少年scratch编程是包括教程制作完整课程，里面包括教学步骤，教学视频，教学素材，教学课件pdf，教学课件word，课程源码。课程内容大致如下所示：资源:.

爆款少儿青少年scratch编程第6课：病毒传播 可以直接运行。A53课程制作 爆款爆款少儿青少年scratch编程是包括教程制作完整课程，里面包括教学步骤，教学视频，教学素材，教学课件pdf，教学课件word，课程源码。课程内容大致如下所示：资源:. 爆款少儿青少年scratch编程第8课：打数字游戏 可以直接运行。A53课程制作 爆款爆款少儿青少年scratch编程是包括教程制作完整课程，里面包括教学步骤，教学视频，教学素材，教学课件pdf，教学课件word，课程源码。课程内容大致如下所示：资源:.

爆款少儿青少年scratch编程第2课：四合一游戏机（下） 可以直接运行。A53课程制作 爆款爆款少儿青少年scratch编程是包括教程制作完整课程，里面包括教学步骤，教学视频，教学素材，教学课件pdf，教学课件word，课程源码。课程内容大致如下所示：资源:. 爆款少儿青少年scratch编程第1课：四合一游戏机（上） 可以直接运行。A53课程制作 爆款爆款少儿青少年scratch编程是包括教程制作完整课程，里面包括教学步骤，教学视频，教学素材，教学课件pdf，教学课件word，课程源码。课程内容大致如下所示：资源:.

爆款少儿青少年scratch编程第13课：陨石危机 可以直接运行。A53课程制作 爆款爆款少儿青少年scratch编程是包括教程制作完整课程，里面包括教学步骤，教学视频，教学素材，教学课件pdf，教学课件word，课程源码。课程内容大致如下所示：资源:. 爆款少儿青少年scratch编程第1课：坦克大战 可以直接运行。A53课程制作 爆款爆款少儿青少年scratch编程是包括教程制作完整课程，里面包括教学步骤，教学视频，教学素材，教学课件pdf，教学课件word，课程源码。课程内容大致如下所示：资源:.

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